The Ethical Dilemma of Sexual Appeal in Advertising Essay

Justin D. Clegg Comms 300 Media Law M. Driessen The Ethical Dilemma of Sexual Appeal in Advertising The old adage â€Å"sex-sells† is an assumption that has caused an ethical dilemma in a fast moving world filled with media consumers and advertising. The use of sexual appeal in advertising has increased dramatically in the United States within the last decade. Its misuse and pervasiveness surround us every day and elicit powerful emotions by individuals of all ages, both male and female. Sex in advertising has been around for years and continues to drive media messages in society simply because it works. Ads with sexual appeal are more attention getting, arousing and memorable. A single male college student is far more likely to†¦show more content†¦A company’s future earnings are dramatically impacted by teenagers who like my dad, formed brand opinions at an early age and later â€Å"grow up in the brand.† In a book written by James McNeal, he said â€Å"if you can buy a 24 year old, you can get all his friends absolutely free.† Advertisi ng is a profession that reflects and molds cultural values and standards in more ways than we may think. Because of advertising’s ability to affect the way people view themselves in the world that surrounds them, it is one of the business functions that receives the most ethical scrutiny. Advertising messages create a lot of debatable ethical issues because the public believes that advertisements affect the way people see themselves and can crucially affect their actions. In 2011, the Journal of Business Ethics summarized reasons why people complain about advertising. The reasons included teaching the idea that happiness comes from possessing valuable things, creating false values in society, causing individuals to be more easily persuaded by distracting them through entertainment and by the use of puffery or exaggerations to make their products appear better than they are. Another reason people complained about advertising was the fact that it is too preoccupied with exp loiting sexuality and the human body to persuade people. The question to be asked isShow MoreRelatedMarketing Ethics : The Moral Values That Direct Marketing Choices And Activities1612 Words   |  7 Pagesup their products, using sexual content to gain consumer’s attention, and advertising to children. For organizations hoping to enhance the image of their brand and continue to grow with clients, this sort of deceptive conduct can rapidly prompt disappointment. Ethical Dilemmas in Marketing Advertisers have a lot of opportunities to entice customers in the market these days. Today, consumers are able to pick who they like and what they read. This creates new ethical challenges for advertisersRead MoreEthical Dilemma of Advertisements2740 Words   |  11 PagesThis paper assesses the ethical dilemma of advertisements. In our daily lives we are faced with a mass of advertisements on, TV, Internet, streets, Shops etc. More and more people, community and society behaviors and values are strongly affected by advertisements and diverse marketing communication ways. According to Foley (1999), advertising impacts the way people identify themselves including the world around them, beliefs, values and behaviors. Due to the diverse situations that people faceRead MoreLimitations of Advertising1957 Words   |  8 PagesLimitations of Advertising Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma July 21, 2010 Limitations of Advertising: Analysis of an Ethical Dilemma Marketing practices in the contemporary western society have been a hotbed of ethical debate for a long time. The ethical analysis required for this case revolves around the issue of marketing, and more specifically relates to advertising. The overall ethical dilemma is whether or not I should, in the role of a senior marketing manager of a soft drinkRead MoreBranding, Advertising, And Marketing Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesIt is interesting to see how branding, advertising, and marketing, that are in place to achieve specific commercial goals, completely rely upon the complex elements of human psychology, as well as on how cultural norms and values influence the individual. This has in fact been an integral concern of marketing historically; the mere presenting of a product or service is ineffective unless some reflection of its deeper value or meaning to the potential consumer is reinforced. In the mid-20th centuryRead MoreThe Effects Of Advertising On Men And Women Essay1 449 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Advertising has become the new form of reaching out to the greatest numbers of people and advertisements are a necessity for a business to succeed. This era has become desensitized and less focused on personal connections which is why advertisements have become a large focus to business owners because they are able to provide information on their goods and services without reaching out to make personal connections. An advertisement directly appeals to the viewer in their own ways by makingRead MoreThe Effect Of Advertising On Society1911 Words   |  8 Pagespromotions as they see it as an essential tool in an increasingly capitalistic free market to fuel economic growth. Unfortunately, the surge of unchecked advertising has lead to some adverse effects on societies whether they be moral or ethical in nature. The SAFRA gym advertisement, is an impeccable example of the adverse effects of advertising in today’s society. The advertisement depicts a lean woman who is wearing purple tank top and tight black leggings working out uncomfortably, as two men watchedRead More Controversial Television Advertising Essay1498 Words   |  6 PagesControversial Television Advertising We all know from our personal experience that one person’s idea of something offensive often differs from another’s. This essay is to determine the consequences towards negative advertising towards certain controversial products/services and why they are so offensive. All major media organizations need advertising to exist, thats how they pay their bills. At the same time, though, each organization sets its own advertising standards. Some ads a media companyRead MoreHistory of Advertising (False Advertising)3614 Words   |  15 PagesEthics in Marketing: False Advertising History of Advertising and the Rise of Ethical Implications For decades, advertisements have been telling us not only what to buy, but also what we shouldn’t be able to live without. The history of advertising can be traced back as far as the Roman Empire, where posters advertising the gladiatorial games would be hung around for all to see. Modern advertising dates back to about 1583 when the first daily newspaper was printed in England under the reignRead MoreEthics in Alcohol Advertising3960 Words   |  16 Pagesfocus on organisations adhering to ethical values rather than merely providing products. There are two reasons behind this focus. First, when marketing practices fails to meet the standards, which are considered acceptable by the society, the market process becomes less effective and occasionally it is even interrupted. When an organisation behaves ethically, customers grow more of a positive attitude about its products, services and the firm itself. Therefore, ethical marketing practice is importantRead More8 Key El ement for a Business Model7314 Words   |  30 PagesReduction  of  product  search,  price  discovery  costs Facilitation  of  transactions  by  managing  product   delivery Slide 2-5 2. Revenue Model How  will  the  firm  earn  revenue,  generate   p profits,  and  produce  a  superior  return  on   p p invested  capital? Major  types: Advertising  revenue  model g Subscription  revenue  model Transaction  fee  revenue  model Transaction fee revenue model Sales  revenue  model Affiliate  revenue  model Slide 2-6 3. Market Opportunity What  marketspace  do  you  intend  to   h k d d serve  and  what  is  its  size

The United States 2003 Invasion Of Iraq - 1374 Words

THE THEORYOF INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THAT BEST EXPLAINS THE UNITED STATES’ 2003 INVASION OF IRAQ Name: University: Instructor: Date: Introduction The war in Iraq is noted to have been initiated by the American’s efforts to fight terrorism. At the time, the British and the Americans had affirmed that Saddam Hussein, the then Iraq’s leader was associated with terrorism that had internationalized. Moreover, they had established that Saddam Hussein had the ability to use massive destruction weapons. President Bush and Tony Blair, the British Prime Minister, are also found the need to deliver Iraq people from the bad leadership of Saddam Hussein and support them to build a democratic form of government. However, according to the critics, America’s reason to invade Iraq was found to match realism and imperialism theories especially because; Iraq was rich in oil resources. That the reasons raised by the Americans and the Britons to cause war in Iraq had not been accepted by the United Nations Council and no evidence had been found to associate Saddam Hussein with any forms of international threats. From another p erspective, the critics’ point of view is supported by the experiences the Iraq people have gone through after the death of Saddam Hussein. That is, they have under gone through serious political and economical sufferings causing many of them to flee their country[1]. Realism is defined to refer to power seekingShow MoreRelatedIraq Invasion of Kuwait vs US Iraq War Essay1162 Words   |  5 Pages Iraq Invasion of Kuwait vs U.S Iraq War Iraq and Kuwait have a long history; Kuwait played a huge part in the Iran-Iraq war, mostly financially. Open warfare began on September 22, 1980; Iraq claimed Iran shelled a number of border posts on September 4, 1980. Kuwait funded Iraq during the Iraq-Iran war, which caused tension between the two nations when Iraq couldn’t pay the $14 billion dollars back to Kuwait when it was time to settle their debt. The Iraqi government asked Kuwait to forgive theRead MoreThe United Kingdom And Iraq During The Invasion Of Iraq1407 Words   |  6 PagesThe 2003 Invasion of Iraq began on 19 March and ended 1 May 2003 with coalition forces the United States and its allies (United Kingdom, Australia and Poland) invading Iraq, called Operation Iraqi Freedom. The United Kingdom Prime Minister at the time, Tony Blair felt that the threat of terrorism from Iraq must be dealt with immediately, with his speech in Texas 2002 saying that the United Kingdom must be prepared to act where weapons o f mass destruction and terrorism loom over them. 1 The war endedRead MoreAmerica s Invasion Of Iraq1143 Words   |  5 PagesA Polarizing Topic: America’s Invasion of Iraq The Iraq war is a highly polarizing topic in the United States and abroad alike. After the attacks of September 11, 2001, there were a lot of discussions on terrorism, but former U.S. President George Bush (in office 2001-2009) addressed things differently. In the new globalized world, as we know, you need consensus amongst constituent nations to gain support for a war. However, the Iraq war did not have the support that was needed to build a successfulRead MoreAnnotated Bibliography On The Iraq War887 Words   |  4 PagesHistory Annotated Bibliographies Britannica Editors. â€Å"Iraq War†. britannica.com, https://www.britannica.com/event/Iraq-War. Britannica, 2004. Information is revised and edited to be accurate. Britannica is a reliable website. Sources used are both primary and secondary. No knowledge needed to read this article. Great place to start. Covers most aspects of the Invasion of iraq and the iraq War in 2003. Written chronologically. Bruhns, John. â€Å"Iraq 10 Years Later: Participating in My Generation’s MostRead MoreEssay The Invasion of Iraq was Illegal1703 Words   |  7 Pagesbelieve the invasion of Iraq was illegal. However, the failed diplomatic policies of the United States are what led to the failed invasion of Iraq. George W. Bush sent an invasion to Iraq with only Congress approving his â€Å"Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 2002†. However, he did not have the authorization he needed from the United Nations, therefore, the invasion of Iraq was illegal. It is true that Saddam Hussein was killing his own people, but the United States shouldRead MoreThe War Of The United States1639 Words   |  7 PagesHonors P.6 9 February 2015 Iraq War The United States has intervened in many countries throughout history. Some countries became better off with the help that was given by the United States, while other countries stayed static, or became even worse. The war with Iraq is a great example of the horrors that the United States can create when she decides to mess with other countries. America thought that she knew what was best for Iraq, but America was wrong. The United States should not have gottenRead MoreWar Againsts Iraq: The Media, Its Portrayal of the War and the Effect of Its Perspective1374 Words   |  6 PagesWar against Iraq By Olivier Gaudreau When the US initiated the 2003 invasion of Iraq, it gave the justification that the Iraqi dictator, Saddam aided the perpetrators of the September 11 attack on United States soil. The Bush administration also accused Saddam of engineering a nuclear program and amassing destructive weapons. All the US justification and the entire war have been highly criticized on many fronts. The media has taken the lead on shaping public opinion on both sides of the war, thatRead MoreThe Iraq Invasion Of Iraq1548 Words   |  7 PagesThe Iraq Invasion is definitely a subject of immense controversy regarding whether or not it was the appropriate action by the United States. Should the United States have interfered in Iraqi affairs? What was the real intention of accusing Iraq for having weapons of mass destruction and holding them accountable for the 9/11 terrorist attacks even though they were innocent of both allegations? Did the U.S. media cover all the truth in Iraq? Was the main purpose of the invasion the greed of oil Read More The Effects of Reagan and Bush’s Policies in El Essay1696 Words   |  7 PagesThe Effects of Reagan and Bush’s Policies in El Salvador and Iraq United States foreign policy, since the Cold War, has been driven by ideology: good versus evil, capitalism versus communism, and democracy versus totalitarianism. America’s foreign policy objective from 1945 to 1991 was to contain communism, prompting Cold War calculus – the enemy of your enemy is your friend. The United States, following Cold War calculus, allied with unscrupulous leaders opposed to communism,Read MoreThe September 11 Terrorist Attacks904 Words   |  4 Pagescontroversial tenet of â€Å"preemption†. As stated in part III of the 2002 NSS, the Bush administration declared that the United States: â€Å"Will not hesitate to act alone, if necessary, to exercise our right of self-defense by acting preemptively against such terrorists, to prevent them from doing harm against our people and our country† The above statement reflects the United States shift towards a unilateral foreign policy, one that is not hesitant to act beyond the constraints of international law

Enron Case Study Free Essays

When Sharron Watkins, the former UP of Corporate Development offered to show the problems in counting decisions, Ken Lay, the Chair of the Board refused and said â€Å"He rather not see it†. 2. Regulatory Agencies, SEC and BAS Enron was able to hide their losses behind their ESP. We will write a custom essay sample on Enron Case Study or any similar topic only for you Order Now or Special Purpose Entities by omitting an Spec’s assets and liabilities from its consolidated financial statements and both SEC and BAS failed to provide formal guidelines for companies to follow in ESP. accounting and reporting. As a result of the minimal legal and accounting guidelines for Esp., Enron along with other companies was able to divert huge amounts of their liabilities and asses to off-balance sheet entities. 3. Management and Accounting team of Enron Both management and accounting team Of Enron manipulated the revenue recognition principle by making vague assumptions that inflated the profits booked on Enron’s commodity contracts. There attempt was to keep the stock prices high by showing inflated financial statements in order to receive high credit ratings and increased lender cash flow into the company. 4. Anderson Accounting Firm The Anderson firm, an independent audit firm failed to provide a more transparent financial statements of Enron. Anderson firm audited the many for 1 5 years where its auditors failed to perform their duties and professional standards of accounting. In fact, Anderson made efforts to restructure Enron’s ESP. to continue to qualify as unconsolidated entities once they became aware of Enron’s rapidly deteriorating financial condition. Anderson firm was more interested in retaining Enron as their client to provide consulting services hence creating a conflict of interest. Lists three type of consulting services that audit firm have provided to their audit client in recent years. For each item, indicate the specific threats, if any, that the reversion of the given services can pose for an audit firm independence. Auditors independence is considered a cornerstone in the accounting profession since they are entrusted by the general public to provide true picture of a company’s financial position. It is believed that non-audit services provided by audit firms impair auditors independence to fairly attest the financial statements produced by the client company. Consulting and audit a same firm causes conflict of interest. Anderson firm earned approximately $52 million in fees from Enron in 2000, less than half of which was directly elated to the auditing, rest were for non-audit services. Audit firm may provide many types of consulting services such as: 1. Tax consulting services 2. Accounting system design services 3. Bookkeeping or other related services 4. Financial advice services, including internal audit consulting service. In this highly competitive market, non-audit services have taken precedence over the traditional accounting and auditing services. Even if an audit firm is fairly attesting financial statements and provides honest opinion of a company, its stakeholders and other users may still presume otherwise due o the recent accounting debacles such as Enron and Anderson firm. The additional non-audit services may prove to be a threat to the audit firm’s independence. By providing financial advice services for Enron’s accounting procedures, Anderson provided them an opportunity to manipulate the reporting and treatment of the Esp.. Bookkeeping and following correct accounting procedures are very important components of preparing financial statements. Manipulations of these data are likely to show up when it is audited accurately, and with precision. When the same company repaper and audits the financial statements, it can create conflict of interest just like in this case, where the creators of accounting procedures I. E the management and Anderson team fabricated the financial statements by using complex accounting procedures and loopholes that users could not understand. Any other consulting services such as tax advisory also creates a threat to the independence of the auditing firm, where manipulations are more likely to happen which can hurt the creditability of the audited statements and the auditor’s opinion about the company. For purpose of this question, assume that the excerpts from the Power Report shown in Exhibit 3 provide accurate description of Andersen’s involvement in Enron accounting and financial reporting decisions. Given this assumption, do you believe that Andersen’s involvement in those decisions violated any professional auditing standards? If so, lists those standards and briefly explain your rationale. Arthur Anderson, once known as one of the top accounting firms in nation, was ridiculed and criticized for their questionable accounting and auditing procedures of their client Enron, which ultimately lead to its demise. Their faulty accounting practices shattered investor confidence in auditors throughout the country and made way to Serbians-Solely Act of 2002 and the creation of Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PEPCO) to oversee the rule-making process for independent audit function. Anderson provided external auditing, internal auditing and consulting services to Enron. They violated several of their professional and ethical standards by accepting large suns in fees and perhaps by looking the other way to the faulty accounting practices contemplated by Enron’s management ND giving them an unqualified audit opinion on the financial statements. Andersen earned around $52 million from Enron during 2000, but only $25 million was payment in reference to the 2000 audit. With such an involvement in non-audit services they were not independent of the company, violating the most important standard of auditing. They put their own interest before the interest of the users of their audited financial statements and opinion. From the excerpts it can be concluded that they were deeply involved in the accounting and structuring of the Esp., where they were more interested in electing millions of dollars in fees and failed to provide objective accounting judgment that should have prevented these transactions from going forward. Andersen failed to bring to the attention of Enron internal Audit and Compliance Committee about the serious reservations brought on internally about the related-party transactions, I. . Esp., which clearly shows the violation of professional auditing standards. Anderson firm should have supervised the auditing services provided by its auditors to maintain independence. This lacks of planning and supervision made Anderson to be highly involved in client accounting and financial porting decisions. Anderson had concerns about the disclosures of the related third-party transac tions in the financial statement footnotes and instead of pointing those out to the Audit and Compliance Committee they vouched on its accuracy and issued an unqualified opinion on the financial. How to cite Enron Case Study, Free Case study samples

Strawberry Extraction Lab free essay sample

The extraction solution which includes soap and salt is used to disrupt the cell’s plasma membrane and nuclear envelope, to make the DNA clump together. The salt breaks up the protein chains that bind the nucleic acids. DNA does not dissolve in ethanol, and the colder the ethanol is, the less DNA that will be broken down allowing us to view the DNA in the test tube. III. Hypothesis: If you add certain chemicals to the smashed up strawberry the sticky DNA can be retrieved from within the cells because of ethanol put into the mixture. IV. Experiment: A. Variables: i. Independent- strawberry ii. Dependent- The DNA iii. Controlled- Extraction solution and ice cold ethanol B. Materials: * Strawberries * Test tubes and test tube rack * Extraction solution * Ice cold ethanol * Filter paper * Ziploc baggies * Beakers * Eye dropper C. Procedure: 1) Smash strawberries in a Ziploc bag until turned into paste 2) Add 10mL of extraction solution 3) Massage solution and strawberry mix for an additional amount of time (remembering to get as few bubbles as possible from massaging) 4) Filter though filter paper and dampen thoroughly ) Pour 2-3 mL of mixture into test tube with eye dropper 6) Layer twice this volume with ice cold ethanol 7) Now wait a couple of minutes and you will be able to see thread like material separating from the strawberry mixture into the ethanol. We will write a custom essay sample on Strawberry Extraction Lab or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 8) Now too see the DNA close get a paper clip and bend until it looks like a hook and fish out the DNA. 9) You have just found the DNA of a strawberry. V. Results/Analysis: VI. Results/Analysis Questions: 1) How is the appearance of your DNA similar to what you have learned about DNA structure? Answer: 1. The DNA looked like spider webs. The DNA that I learned looked like long stair cases. This makes sense since the molecular structure is so long and narrow. 2) A person cannot see a single strand of cotton thread from 30 meter away. But if thousands of threads are wound together into a rope, the rope can be seen at some distance. How is this statement an analogy to the DNA extraction you did? Answer: The only way you can see DNA is with a microscope but this experiment proves wrong some fruits are available to see with the human eye. 3) DNA dissolves in water but not in ethanol. Explain what happened when the ethanol came in contact with the strawberry extract during the DNA extraction. Answer: It separated and you can see the difference between the ethanol and the strawberry mixture. 4) Compare the amount of DNA you extracted with the amounts other groups in your class were able to extract. What may be the reasons for the differences in the amounts? Answer: Some of the other groups had more DNA or less, but the reason was that some groups got either a big strawberry or they got two regular sized strawberries. VII. Conclusion: In this experiment I investigated how to can extract DNA from a strawberry. I saw that adding an extraction solution and ethanol contributed to seeing the DNA looking like a thread like material. My major findings were that this was an easy job to do and was interesting to see how the strawberry mixture stayed at the bottom at the test tube, but when the ice cold ethanol layered on top the mixture started showing the DNA. When all the groups finished we looked at each other’s labs. Our group saw that some labs had fewer or more DNA extracted from their strawberry. I learned that to have more DNA extracted you have to be careful not to massage the mixture too much when you pour in the extraction solution, if you massage the mixture too much you get bubbles which cause the mixture to stop dripping when filtered. Overall this lab was fun and interesting and wouldn’t mind trying it again and fixing my flaws.